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The ion exchange material (usually beads or granules of resin) consists of permanent insoluble anions, kept electrically neutral by replaceable sodium cations. Hard water loaded with calcium and magnesium ions enters the exchange column, also know as the "bed." As it flows through, magnesium and calcium cations in the water are drawn to the anions of the ion exchanger. The result is that harmless sodium ions replace the hardness ions.
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Linda Handiak |